College or University Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I have chosen as my topic the complex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whom I know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I know a little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people who lived many years ago but whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the spirit of the other. The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place which we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call logic and rhetoric. They came very close to inventing what we call science, and one of them-Democritus by name-conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and the idea which we know today as ecology. About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago. The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them.

Diversion Program Essay

No particular scheme can pay for the assortment of diversion programs required to successfully interject in the imprisonment and detention of individuals with recurring conditions. Most specifically, when an assortment of methods is overstretched in its efforts to identify a favorable diversion resource, every proposed process typically declares funding deficiency to its fellow method, thus initiating the bureaucratic back and forth in constructing the crucial choice of services for the diversion planning. Ultimately, every projected diversion program must convey the resources that will be accessible for mutual endeavors. Additionally, resources should not be limited to quantifiable dollars, but contain workforce time, space and the agreement in changing policies and procedures that preclude amalgamation and efficient diversion programs. Uncompromising and rigid state and federal funding issues offer many hurdles to the vital assimilation of amenities offered towards individuals with substance use conditions and mental health disorders who are implicated in the criminal justice system. For decades, jail diversion programs have been looked upon as a humanitarian resolution for individuals with mental disorders, in diverting individuals from prison to community-based mental health treatment thus benefiting the public, criminal justice system, and the individual. In general, money from categorical funding has been focused towards suppliers, particularized populations, and facilities with no known cohesive approach in providing and funding services needed for individuals with re-occurring disorders who could be diverted from incarceration. Specific traits of civic service organizations signify that an incremental budgeting process suits comfortably to the overall public funding structure of diversion programs. States, cities and towns, are frequently multifaceted, large and satisfy an assortment of tasks in diverse policies within its regions. Resolutions can, nevertheless, occasionally be decided instantly; allowing acceptance in the dissemination of most expenditures thus concentrating on abnormalities from the present arrangement. At time, the existing social service background is scarcely beneficial to funding costly systems amalgamation plans and prison diversion programs. Customarily taxpayers’ feelings have endorsed an increased disbursement of limited public capitals to supply and construct  additional prisons more willingly than providing community-based treatment facilities or diversion programs that could aid individuals within the public sector. Community-Based Organizations (Non-Profit) Diversion Programs have been an integrate part of Community-Based Organizations, as it benefits juveniles in obtaining physical, communal, emotional, and academic success while developing their behavior and lifestyle. In recent years, the disturbing growth of juvenile apprehension has produced a concern, as this increase has caused individuals to consider programs that may deter youths from being part of the juvenile court system. Today, efforts have been made to invest in diversion program by the notion that these programs may have the ability to reduce recidivism, control overpopulation in prison and provide youth with alternative methods of rehabilitation. Most recently, the State of Ohio has implemented many intervention and diversion programs to intervene and divert youth. The â€Å"Youth Men and Women for Change (YMWFC)† and the â€Å"Peace in the Hood Program† are two prominent programs within communities of Ohio. In 2006, The YMWFC program was created by Mr. Sha wn Mahone Sr. with the purpose of providing youth with organized and educational training to transform their lives. Upon reviewing juvenile delinquency statistics, Mr. Mahone began to realize many juveniles were not reaching their full potential due to lack of direction, support, and discipline (YMWFC, 2006). The program is based on the belief that youth can transform their lives in becoming a useful participant of the general public with the proper tools, resources and understanding. Another program that has been instrumental within the community operated out of Cleveland, Ohio developed by Brother Samad and Omar Ali-Bey in the 1990’s (The Peace in the Hood, n.d.). The project he program was inspired as another way of addressing the serious problems that face the youth in our communities. Peace in the Hood continues its involvement in Ohio and the nation as a founding member of the International Council for Urban Peace, Justice and Empowerment (Peace in the Hood, n.d.). Bond Issuance and Grants Towards the conclusion of the year, budget numbers are linked with concrete outcomes and a pretentious genuine-budget variance contrast is designed. Variance outcomes are typically used for revising monetary amounts for the next planning and budgeting cycle, and also for very simple departmental performance tracking. This innovative methodology to budget analysis and utilization are several paces forward of the modern methods. For instance, a legislative project to advance the communal well-being of women in an isolated region can aid in clarifying the performance-oriented methodology. Diversion Programs can typically be organized by long-term strategies, based on the government’s decision on objectives, activities and the requirement to accomplish its goal. Let’s say, a practical way of enhancing social welfare of women in a rural area could involve rising the levels of literacy of women within the area. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness studies could be included in the budget planning to assist in comparing the efficiency of exploring what programs could be utilized to raise the levels of literacy that will allow policymakers to achieve the largest possible result for a given level of funding. Unfortunately, the problem in recognizing effective programs is a lack of regularity in exactly how forecasters review the research, as it difficult to equate programs. Dissimilar reviewers frequently come to diverse assumptions about â€Å"what does and does not work.† Quite often they may create a diverse list of â€Å"recognized† and â€Å"auspicious† diversion programs for the reason that they focused in on unalike consequences or since they applied uncommon principles in assessing the programs. Certain reviews may purely recap the material enclosed in certain research, thus grouping each evaluation collectively in arriving to a conclusion about certain approaches or strategies that they may have defined. Such assessments are exceedingly biased, with no typical rule for selecting the evaluation or how the results should be interpreted. The bottom line is cutting diversion funding is an unreliable tactic to budget difficulties that exacerbate society’s problems, which will include long-term public safety consequences and the potential for taxpayers to shoulder the additional burden of costly prison and jail construction. Multi-Level Government Financing The U.S. Code Section 290bb–38 authorizes one-hundred twenty-five million dollars towards Indian tribes, states, and political subdivisions of states, tribal organizations functioning openly or via contracts with non-profit bodies or other public, to acquire and employ programs to divert individuals with mental illness from the criminal justice system to community-based services. The regulation goal is to ensure the collaboration of the various agencies and organizations working towards ensuring all U.S. citizens enjoy healthy and fruitful lives. Through these combined efforts, prearranged, obtainable resources can be taken full advantage thus providing the greatest assistance for every community. In the United States, they have what they called the â€Å"Second Chance Act† program which is aimed towards the reduction of recidivism among inmates. This program was proposed by a bilateral party with the House of Representatives which offered regional and state government the assets in developing transient services to inmates who will be released back into society. â€Å"The FY-14 Budget submitted by the President including a one-hundred fifteen million sustained support for the Second Chance Act program. This signifies a significant federal venture in evidence-centered strategy to enhance community protection and lessen recidivism by approving capital in the management and expansion of reentry amenities, such as mentoring, substance abuse treatment, and employment training. So far, approximately six-hundred grants have been given across the District of Columbia and forty-nine states (President’s Budget Proposes Continued Funding for Second Chance Act and Justice Reinvestment Initiative. (n.d.).† The Second Chance Act is a good first step that will provide a directional approach to a better understanding what works to increase public safety, reduce crime, and lower the recidivism rate. No matter what, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and jobs are the cures to incarceration. It is vital for adolescence to obtain help via some diversion method than authoritarian reprimand so they can acquire proper manners thus becoming a useful participant of society. Not all of the programs will be effective for all children, as such it is imperative to pair the adolescence to the applicable program. As shown, the state of Ohio compromises of  several programs that operates in a different way thus providing a dissimilar atmosphere. If youths continue to be in trouble and come across police force, the courts will regulate which program will help the youth. Studies show that Diversionary Programs is much less costly than sending a case through court. In addition, diversion gives the defendant an opportunity to compensate victims, by means of restitution orders and community service (Diversion Programs: Avoid Conviction & Trial, 2014). Activity-based budgeting is a tactic established from activity-based assessment managed in the private sector. Rather than assuming that overheads are correlated to the measurements of service or production, the procedure attempts to recognize what impels costs by connecting overheads to activities. Must every program be assessed on an equivalent foundation? â€Å"Various studies take into account merely savings within the criminal justice system, while others deem this matter more extensive; as costs should be encompassed and savings are just savings no matter where in government they arise (M. R. Gold, 1996).† This broader approach requires collecting data reflecting the effect of an intervention on all government spending. For example, the â€Å"David Olds’ Nurse Home Visiting Program,† is not solely a cost-effective as a delinquency-prevention program, however, when crime-reduction benefits both the child and mother are collective with condensed school expenses and welfare aid exceed costs by several orders of magnitude (Karoly, L. A. (1998).† Consequently, the criminal justice system has trailed fields such as medicine, engineering, environmental protection, public health, and in efforts to monetize benefits. Victim analyses offer objectively estimate of direct out-of-pocket expenditures which includes; the cost of misplaced or broken property, lost wages and medical expenses. These direct costs, nevertheless, are only a minor portion of the complete expenditures to victims levied by criminalities against individuals. The question is how to measure the indirect costs of security expenditures, controlled lifestyle, pain and suffering which can be somewhat large for some more severe criminalities. References Diversion Programs: Avoid Conviction & Trial | Nolo.com. (n.d.). Nolo.com. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/diversion-programs.html Farrington, D. P., & Welsh, B. (2007). Saving children from a life of crime: early risk factors and effective interventions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gold, M. R. (1996). Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York: Oxford University Press Peace In The Hood. (n.d.). Peace In The Hood. Retrieved April 25, 2014, from http://www.peaceinthehood.com/default.asp Karoly, L. A. (1998). Investing in our children what we know and don’t know about the costs and benefits of early childhood interventions. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand President’s Budget Proposes Continued Funding for Second Chance Act and Justice Reinvestment Initiative. (n.d.). CSG Justice Center. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://csgjusticecenter.org/jc/presidents-budget-proposes-continued-funding-for-second-chance-act-and-justice-reinvestment-initiative/ Cook, Philip J., and Jens Ludwig. Gun Violence: The Real Costs. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Print. Young Men and Women for Change. (n.d.). Young Men and Women for Change. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http://youngmenandwomenforchange.com/history.html

Child Abuse And Its Effects On Children - 1126 Words

Siani Comer Language Arts Mrs.Pettit 6 June 2015 Child Abuse â€Å"It’s easier to throw away a child who reacts to his abuse than attempt to heal his pain†- Dwight E. Abbot . As a world we need to protect our children from child abuse whether the abuser is emotionally disabled or not mentally stable if we make a change to stopping child abuse many children lives can be saved. Child abuse endangers the child’s physical and emotional health and development. Our society needs to prevent child abuse at all cost. Throughout the united started about 5 children every day losses their lives because of child abuse. Child abuse is the mistreatment of a child by the parent or guardian, including neglect, abuse and sexual molestation. Children who experience child abuse and neglect are 59% more likely to be arrested as a juvenile, 28% more likely to be arrested as an adult, and 30% more likely to commit violence crime(â€Å" Do something†).2.9 million cases of child abuse are reported every year in the United States(â€Å"Do something†). One example of child abuse is a woman named Clare at the age of 3 she was being physically and sexually abused by her older brother. Clare mother and father were going through a divorce so her and her older was left alone by them mo-re often. She started to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol and interact with drugs. Before Clare was 9 she was already addicted to cigarettes, and she would lie to her mom about where she was going so she was able to smoke, drink,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9 .2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being abused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of hotlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly di fficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is